How to Register a Business Name with CAC in Nigeria

A Business Name is the simplest structure CAC offers; built for sole proprietors, freelancers, artisans, and small partnerships operating under a trade name. It's fast, inexpensive, and requires no separate legal entity setup. It's also where most Nigerian entrepreneurs start. Here's exactly what registering one involves.

What a Business Name actually is

A Business Name is not a separate legal entity from you. You and the business are legally the same, which means personal assets aren't protected if the business owes money or is sued. In exchange, it's the fastest and cheapest way to formalize a business.

Best for: solo entrepreneurs, freelancers, artisans, small partnerships, and anyone testing an idea before committing to a full company structure.

What you need before you start

• Two proposed business names (in case your first choice is taken).

• A valid means of identification- NIN, international passport, driver's license, or voter's card  for the proprietor(s).

• A verifiable physical address in Nigeria (a P.O. Box is not accepted).

• A passport photograph and signature specimen.

How to register

1. Search for name availability: Use the CAC public search portal to confirm your preferred name isn't already taken or too similar to an existing one. Have two or three backup options ready.

2. Reserve your name: Submit a name reservation through the CAC portal. This holds your name for 60 days while you complete the rest of registration.

3. Create your CAC portal account: and complete the registration form with your personal details, business name, business address, and nature of business. For partnerships, every partner's details must be entered .

4. Upload your documents : valid ID, passport photograph, and signature specimen for the proprietor(s) or all partners.

5. Pay the registration fee : through the portal's approved payment channels.

6. Wait for review: Processing typically takes a few business days once payment is confirmed.

7. Download your certificate: Once approved, your Certificate of Registration is issued digitally and downloadable from your CAC dashboard.

What happens after registration

Your Tax Identification Number (TIN) is now generated automatically when your CAC certificate is issued. You'll also need to file annual returns going forward, for Business Names, this is due every year by June 30, with an exemption in your first year.

Common mistakes that cause delays

• Submitting a name that's too generic or already taken.

• Uploading blurry or black-and-white ID scans (CAC frequently rejects these).

• Mismatched details between your NIN and what's entered on the form.

• Using a P.O. Box instead of a verifiable physical address

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